The Rule of 3’s
- 3 minutes without air
- 3 hours without shelter
- 3 days without water
- 3 weeks without food
- In an Emergency:
- How to improvise a mask for breathing uncontaminated air
a. Find a clean cloth, bandana, or t-shirt.
b. Fold it into several layers for better filtration.
c. If available, place a layer of activated charcoal or a coffee filter between the folds.
d. Secure the mask over your nose and mouth using string, rubber bands, or by tying
the ends behind your head.
e. Ensure a snug fit to minimize gaps. - How to build a shelter
a. Choose a dry, flat location away from hazards like falling branches or flooding.
b. Gather materials such as branches, leaves, and grass.
c. Build a frame using sturdy branches, leaning them against a support (like a fallen
tree or large rock).
d. Cover the frame with leaves, grass, or other insulating materials to keep out wind
and rain.
e. Add extra layers for warmth and waterproofing. - How to find and collect water
a. Look for streams, rivers, or lakes.
b. Collect rainwater using containers, tarps, or leaves.
c. Dig for water in dry riverbeds or near green vegetation.
d. Gather dew in the morning with a cloth and wring it into a container.
e. Avoid stagnant or discolored water if possible. - How to purify water
a. Boil water for at least 1 minute (3 minutes at higher altitudes).
b. Use water purification tablets or drops if available.
c. Filter water through a cloth, sand, or charcoal to remove debris.
d. Let water sit so particles settle, then pour off the clear water.
e. Avoid drinking untreated water to prevent illness. - How to start a fire
a. Gather dry tinder (leaves, grass, bark), kindling (small sticks), and fuel wood.
b. Build a small teepee or log cabin structure with tinder in the center.
c. Use matches, a lighter, or strike flint and steel to ignite the tinder.
d. Gently blow on the fire to help it grow, adding kindling and then larger wood as it
strengthens.
e. Keep fire contained and never leave it unattended. - How to safely use fire for heating a shelter
a. Build the fire outside the shelter entrance or in a fire-safe pit inside (if ventilated).
b. Use rocks to reflect heat into the shelter.
c. Ensure there’s proper ventilation to avoid smoke buildup.
d. Keep flammable materials away from the fire.
e. Always have water or dirt nearby to extinguish the fire if needed.
- How to find food through foraging, fishing & hunting
a. Forage for edible plants, berries, nuts, and roots (identify them carefully to avoid
poisonous varieties).
b. Use improvised fishing lines, hooks, or nets to catch fish.
c. Set simple traps or snares for small animals.
d. Look for insects as a protein source.
e. Prioritize safety and avoid unknown or suspicious foods. - How to store food without refrigeration
a. Dry foods in the sun or over a fire to remove moisture.
b. Salt or smoke meat and fish to preserve them.
c. Store food in airtight containers or wrap in leaves to keep out insects.
d. Keep food off the ground and away from animals.
e. Use cool, shaded areas or bury food underground if possible. - How to build an emergency food supply
a. Stockpile non-perishable foods like canned goods, dried fruits, nuts, and grains.
b. Rotate supplies to keep them fresh.
c. Store food in waterproof, rodent-proof containers.
d. Keep a manual can opener and utensils with your supply.
e. Plan for at least several days’ worth of food per person. - How to cook over fire
a. Build a stable fire and let it burn down to hot coals.
b. Use a grill, flat rock, or green sticks as a cooking surface.
c. Skewer food on sticks or wrap in foil/leaves and place near the coals.
d. Turn food regularly to cook evenly and avoid burning.
e. Always ensure food is cooked thoroughly before eating.
Jandy